Glue is kept hot in a glue pot, which may be an electric unit built for the purpose, a double boiler, or simply a saucepan or crock pot to provide a warm water bath for the container of glue. Its made from a chemical material called polyurethane. Bones, tendons, and skin releases collagen, a substance that when cooked turns into glue. These proteins form a molecular bond with the glued object. Gorilla Glue is a liquid mixture of a diisocyanate and a polyol, chemicals that react to form a rigid polyurethane polymer when activated by moisture. "But the beet pulp fiber is not the same as the fiber in hay. The earliest recorded animal-based glue recipes are over 4,000 years old. For the most part, no. Q3. Horse glue is mostly produced in France as well as other European countries. Some specific body parts of horses like hooves, horns, muscles, tendons, skin, or hides are used to make glue. It depends on the horses size, body parts, and collagen collection amount. You cannot use expired glue on surfaces as it will, Read More Can You Use Expired Glue? There could be some animal extracts but its rare. This is important for art projects that involve cabinetry and wooden furniture. Plus, this glue is typically lower-quality than options that are made of animal parts. [21] Alcohol is sometimes applied to such joints to dehydrate the glue, making it more brittle and easier to crack apart. Glue deriving from horse tooth can be dated back nearly 6000 years, but no written records from these times can prove that they were fully or extensively used. A well paid horse will work harder on the assembly line and get lots of glue made that day. Rabbit-skin glue is more flexible when dry than typical hide glues. Horse glue is typically used at two different concentrations: too much is considered glue on the skin and too little is considered paint on the bone. (8 Easy Steps To Follow), Is Super Glue Waterproof | Best 5 are Recommended, How To Glue A Puzzle For Framing (8 Steps To Sparkle Display), How To Remove Glue From Leather (Reveal Practical Solutions), How Does A Glue Gun Work? Too old, too sick, dying, or dead horses were sent to the glue factory to make glue. When animal-based ingredients are used, it is mostly hooves collected from cows that are slaughtered for food since the hooves contain a good amount of collagen and are not used for food. [16] It would also be used to bind feathers and equipment together.[17]. (In fact, the word collagen derives form . In fact, the word collagen itself derives from Greek (Kolla) which means glue and the suffix gen which means producer. In recent years, a meme is a well-known word on the internet, especially for social media users. And Can They See in the Dark? Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. A Simple Guide With VideoContinue, 5 Reasons Glue Wont Dry (and How to Make It Dry Faster), Can You Use Expired Glue? If you can find a ready-made horse glue or could arrange the ingredients to make you own this is what you need to know. Synthetic or chemical-based glue, What you need to know before using horse glue for the first time, Horsehide glue is an excellent solution for broken glasses, Store it in the places that do not receive sunlight. As the factories are making the commercial-grade glue on a large scale so they follow a different procedure. Yes, but on a small scale or not as much as it was being made before the arrival of other adhesives. Though, the bill was passed 15 years ago. Running for a brush or spatula when the glue is in ready to use mode is an unpleasant situation after all. Throughout antiquity, horse glue was used in everything from woodworking to pottery repair. This is because the glue made from animals does have certain qualities that are hard to reproduce artificially. Horses, and animals in general, are no longer used to make glue. We have a passionate team who love to research and write about Equine Health, food, competitions and unbiased gear reviews. Sometimes your fingers will stick together and this sticky substance is partly the collagen that is being used in the animal glue. Elmers glue is misunderstood as horse glue but in reality, it is a combination of chemicals. Hide glue's open time is usually a minute or less. [27], "adhesive | Definition, Types, Uses, Materials, & Facts | Britannica", "History, Preparation, Use and Disassembly", "Natural Pigments: Women of the Fur Trade", "Animal Glue Growth with L.D. PetKeen.com does not intend to provide veterinary advice. What Glue Is Made From Horses? No doubt horse glue has the tendency to put the broken pieces together as if they were never broken but the drawbacks of this product cannot be neglected either. Since the glue is mostly made from the horses thats why we keep hearing their name otherwise cattle and pigs get the same treatment to make the glue. But, according to the glue factory, roughly 3.50 horses are needed to make 1 bottle of horse or animal glue.
(Those reindeer better watch out for my shotgun.). Use the search! Hide glue also functions as its own clamp. The animal thats mostly used for its collagen is the horse. Once it is settled, break it into the smaller pieces using a kitchen knife. You are right in that all you need is a thin film. Horse glue though expensive but it is ideal for you. Once the glue is cold, the veneer is positioned on the substrate. It's made out of horse hooves. As we mentioned above, we dont use animals to produce glue to the same extent as earlier. "The main role of beet pulp in a horse's diet is fiber, just as with hay," says Pennsylvania State University equine nutritionist Burt Staniar, PhD. The significant disadvantages of hide glue its thermal limitations, short open time, and vulnerability to micro-organisms are offset by several advantages. We mostly use the hooves from horses and cattle for finer glue but there is also a lot of glue being produced from fish and rabbits. And saying synthetic glue, being a terrible choice is also a lie then it becomes clear how the synthetic glue makes its place in this ever-changing world. Most people would say that it's made from horses, but that's not actually the case. If you have never come across horse glue this is what you need to know. [13], The use of animal glue, as well as some other types of glues, largely vanished in Europe after the decline of the Western Roman Empire until the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, when wooden furniture started to surge as a major craft. How? The first-ever horse glue manufacturing industry was opened in Holland in 1700. Most animal glues are soluble in water, useful for joints which may at some time need to be separated. The skin is first soaked in the lime for 60 days at least. This was a problem with the animal glue. Reddit and its partners use cookies and similar technologies to provide you with a better experience. According to Elmers glue company, all glues are 100% chemical based and free from all kinds of cruelty. The practice of deriving glue from horses is several thousand years old and no one really knows how exactly old it is. Not only horse glue but in fact, animal glues are known for their longevity. if you have something really important to fix. Didn't find what you need? However, while this may have been true at one point or another, it is not the case today. Animal glue is an adhesive that is created by prolonged boiling of animal connective tissue in a process called rendering. There are no animals that are particularly killed to make glue. Hide glue joints are reversible and repairable. A little bit of wood glue doesn't do much. But for many years man didnt know any other way of making glue. Rubbing a vinegar-soaked cotton pad and then rinsing it off with mild soap will help you get rid of this problem. [5] The L.D. Steam can also be used to soften glue and separate joints. The hides are heated, in water, to a carefully controlled temperature around 70C (158F). Keep reading to learn more about animal-based glues and their benefits as well as how horses were used to make glue. Other people argue that the laughing cow on Elmers glue bottles is a symbol of happy animals that got to live. But mostly we only use dead animals and sick animals to make glue. Horses are murdered and cooked to make glue. After passing the 2007 federal law against horses sold for human use, they stopped using horses for glue. Fish glue has been used for more than 10 years and it is used for glass, ceramics, wood, paper leather, and metals. Super Glue can dry as fast as 3-10 seconds. The glue can be softened with heat. Its okay if this question got you goosebumps. What ties these two together is the *third* dimension of thickness. Specific types include hide glue, bone glue, fish glue, rabbit-skin glue. As hide glue cools, it gels quickly. Most of the time, when animal ingredients are used, it is cow hooves. A mixture with less contamination will do a better job as an adhesive. How brutal you think about horse glue isnt that much. Because of its previous formulation, it is still misunderstood as an animal glue even though they have changed the ingredients several years ago. This is the reason why it is advised to take all the precautions seriously when it comes to using horse or animal glue. So, in order to ensure your project is successful, its important to understand how the drying process works and, Read More 5 Reasons Glue Wont Dry (and How to Make It Dry Faster)Continue, PVC primers are needed to prepare PVC surfaces to bond properly with adhesive substances. One of the most helpful types of shoeing, other than the stan - . In fact, its against the law in the United States to sell horses to be commercially slaughtered for any purpose. The glue making process is fairly simple as it is made by boiling the animal hide, hooves, bones, and tendons. Even where horses are slaughtered, when you compare horse to pork and beef, the amount of horse. It sounds simple, but there are many options to consider because every horse is different. I've always wondered where they get the horses. Horse sperm is a popular choice for making glue sticks because it is very sticky and can hold together even the heaviest materials. Here are some of the main advantages of glue made from animals: As you can see, there are some really good advantages that make animal glue better in some aspects compared to glue made from alternative sources. When even the popular synthetic glues have failed to serve more than twelve years. How do you put glue on horses shoes? Find the most hated pot you have in the kitchen as it is going to ruin the plot. Trim the non desired parts(hair or meat particles) and cut it into the smaller pieces as small as you can. Then to extract collagen it is washed by boiling in the water. Gluing plastic can be quite challenging because you have to choose the right kind of glue for the type of plastic you want to glue. Horses are not killed to make glue. They were similarly used on the Terracotta Army figures. And is Elmer glue made from horses? Manufacturing glue from horses is an archaic practice that largely died out after new, modern synthetic adhesives like PVA were discovered in the 1920s. Instead, it is made from polyurethane, isomers, and urethane prepolymer. Did you find wrong information or was something missing? Gorilla Glue is not made from gorillas or horses, nor any other animal. Historically, glue was made from collagen, which is found in joints, hooves, and bones. But glue-on shoes, like standard nail on shoes, should last 5 . These products are manufactured using the horses long tail or mane hair. [15] Hoof glue would be used for purposes aside from hides, such as a hair preservative. Slide the shoe on the hoof. These proportions are perfect - don't mess with them. If you want to keep the undoing options open. [9] Gelatin, a form of animal glue, is found in many contemporary products, such as gelatin desserts, marshmallows, pharmaceutical capsules,[19] and photographic film and is used to reinforce sinew wrappings, wood, leather, bark, and paper. You can glue two pieces of wood together without leaving any visible marks. However, this will be much rarer, as the ingredients will likely be unnecessarily expensive. However commercial horse glue was invented in the early 18th century. When I was little, Santa promised me a pony but I never got it. Many users create memes even about horse glue. Between 1500 and 1000 BC, it was used for wood furnishings and mural paintings, found even on the caskets of Egyptian Pharaohs. At room temperature, prepared hide glue has the consistency of stiff gelatin, which is in fact a similar composition. Warmer temperatures quickly destroy the strength of hide glue. 6 Reply Sinjablo 5 yr. ago I once read an article that they are also able to produce it from home, can you explain this to me? Its perfect for wooden surfaces as it produces a strong joint that does not wear out over time and it doesnt leave any visible marks. Its use has been reduced but not stopped. If the glue is dried, it can be simply covered with new horse glue, which sticks itself, and this is nearly impossible to achieve with synthetic glues. Now, it is high time to change, Read More Is Glue Eco Friendly? Dont be upset if you break or crack your favorite things because super glue, Read More Is Super Glue Waterproof | Best 5 are RecommendedContinue, ndeed, its fun, interesting, creative, and brainstorming to solve a puzzle. The chart walks you through what type of glue works on a range of materials. Unlike chemical-based glues, the horse glue is transparent when it is completely dried. This should also be true for all white glues. Manufacturers Rinse, Color, and Dry the Glue Mix The fourth step is rinsing the lime content off of the now softened horse parts. Here's how to do it: Glue is a volume [three dimensions], and it will be spread over a surface [two dimensions]. Epoxy, for . If you would like to change your settings or withdraw consent at any time, the link to do so is in our privacy policy accessible from our home page.. Depends on how much they pay him an hour. But more often the dead horses are being delivered to a zoo in order to feed animals. Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. It can be. I have written several books and articles on the topic of glue, which have been featured in national publications and have been used by both hobbyists and professionals. . That's a good question. The presence of water may make the glue lose its stickiness. Its also inexpensive compared to other kinds of adhesives. Yes, for this particular purpose the dead horses are as in demand as the alive ones. But dead, sick, and unwanted horses are sent across the border slaughterhouse and harvester for their valuable meat. However, they can be quite expensive for some construction workers and DIY-ers so they eventually seek out cheaper substitutes to perform the same function as primer. If your stringed musical instrument needs some fixing to do. Step 3: Using Glue As Paste. Tie off the horse hair with a piece of 22 gauge wire in the middle and fold the hair so that it is in an upside down "U" shape. Historically, horses have been sent to the glued fabric when they die. Searching his memory, he yells to the horse, "Hallelujah! Hot glues are heated or sometimes mixed with boiling water to bring it to ready-to-use form. How To Make Glue At Home? [6] Evidence is in the form of stone carvings depicting glue preparation and use, primarily used for the pharaoh's tomb furniture. There is no law against it. How do you make glue? I have written hundreds of equine health care, accessories, names, and history-related blogs. Although animals are not used as much to make glue these days, there are some qualities in animal-based glues that are hard to produce artificially. It's just math. Animal glues are produced by prolonged boiling of animal tissue (the connective tissue to be more precise), after which, a process called hydrolysis starts (the breaking down of the collagen contained within the animal produce - the name derives from the Greek 'hydro' meaning "water", and 'lysis', meaning "separation") and a protein colloid glue Is Elmer's glue made out of horses? American Farriers Journal Horse Ownership Survey When the glue is liquefied, the palette knife is removed, and the glue cools, creating a bond. Elmers glue is not made from horses today. This glue isnt waterproof and as strong as super glue. Did Santa send it to the glue factory instead? The hides are then rinsed to remove the lime, any residue being neutralized with a weak acid solution. Yummy! This glue is sticky in wet form and very hard when dried.Horses used for thousands of years but still some misconceptions about the production of glue need to be solved. It also is used in bookbinding and as the adhesive component of some recipes for gesso and compo. It depends mostly on the chemicals used, but most companies do not give out this information to the public. Glue has been produced from animals for thousands of years, not just from horses but from pigs and cattle as well. Mix ingredients together in a small saucepan. Glass artists are also still a fan of animal glue as it has helped in creating many masterpieces. Watch on It's made out of horse hooves. three small horse heads and manes, with just enough left over for a dog head . Recently glued joints will release easily with the application of heat and steam. Keep breaking the piece every day until the crumbles dry off completely. Though the paste won't have superb adhesive quality, it will work on paper and other easy crafts. Perfectly framing your puzzle makes it stand out. We also write articles about wild animals and endangered species. We have a community where you can connect fellow readers. In 2020, glue is not manufactured from horses. Fish glues are made from various parts of fish (bones, skin, etc). For example, large horse breeds will most likely weigh between 1,700-2,000 pounds. We have found much more effective ways of producing glue artificially. According to marketwatch.com, the global animal glue market will flourish by multiple million dollars by 2028 compared to 2021. Download Article. Even though Super Glue dries fast, within just a few seconds, the full bonding of the adhesive can take up to 24 hours to complete. Is Santa the one who downvoted me? In this article, well look at the ways glue is made in modern times, which typically doesnt involve horses in most cases! Hide glue is made from animal hide (animal skin) and is often used in woodworking. These parts are rich in collagen which is the main component of Animal glue. But there are also several factories in Canada. Horse glue isn't generally better or stickier than any other kind of animal glueindeed, an elephant could be used to. Glue made from horses has been used for centuries and is still very popular today. Today, animal glues are sparsely industrialized, but still used for making and restoring violin family instruments, paintings, illuminated parchment manuscripts, and other artifacts. No written record was found when the first horse glue was invented. Other internet recipes for homemade Mod Podge abound but they are TOO WEAK. Binders, curing agents, thinner, and fillers. The cowboy wipes the sweat off his forehead. As the bones and the tendons are hard to find but the skin is not so lets try it with the skin only. The fish glue has been used for metals, paper leather, and a lot more. The answer to the question, is glue made from horses?, is yes horse glue is made from horses. That's a good question. These are proteins that can bond with several materials in order to bind them together. Horses are not sold to glue factories. If the violin top were glued on with PVA glue, removing the top would require heat and steam to disassemble the joint (causing damage to the varnish), then wood would have to be removed from the joint to ensure no cured PVA glue was remaining before regluing the top. Its only called so because it has a picture of a gorilla on its label. So, if it is too expensive for you to buy then make your own DIY version. There are also several factories in Canada. It would be interesting to know that even fish and rabbits are providing the glue. Horse Glue has a long history, with its origins dating back to ancient times. But, if you dont know the proper process of attaching fabric to wood with glue, youll find it a little, Read More How To Glue Fabric To Wood? There are records of humans using horse glue from 6,000 years ago, but we don't know how they made it back then. The exact formulas are usually not given, as they are proprietary to the company. No, not typically. There is an old myth that horses are used to make glue, especially when they get old. The reason for using such animals for making the glue is collagen. Apart from the horses, even the fish, rabbits, and cattle are used to make the glue. The ingredient mix is secret but they have specifically stated that they do not use animal collagen anymore. Glue is made from horses, particularly from their hides, hooves, bones, and connective tissues. In fact, most glue is now fully synthetic and made from petroleum derivatives. answer to how much glue can be produced from one horse. Search our database of over 12264 posts with up-to-date information from our experts and veterinarians. Rendering plants are the recycling links in the food chain. [12] Records indicate that one of the essential components of lampblack ink was proteinaceous glue. Now lets take a quick look at how the process typically goes: Animal-Based ingredients are still used to make glue, however, most adhesives manufactured today are synthetic. So, can gorilla glue get hot? There are many other types of glue, however. Store it in places that do not receive direct sunlight. The process of making adhesives from horses, or any other animal, mainly involves breaking down the chemical material in certain parts of their bodies and extracting the moisture. So,, Read More Can you Mix PVA Glue with Paint? Aside from furniture, animal glues can be used for bookbinding, glass making, etc. Even, energetic horses were popular for racing, hunting, transport, or weapon of war.. Horses can cost anywhere from $500 to $3,000 depending on their pedigree, performance record, and good manners. Now, you . Horses are rarely used. [7] Hide glue regains its working properties after cooling if it is reheated. What is this Elmers glue? [11] Animal glues were employed as binders in paint media during the Tang Dynasty. Most factories produce a kind of glue called polyvinyl acetate or PVA. Basic Shoeing Cost . Make sure to position it on the hoof correctly. Shire Horse Price: How Much Does a Shire Cost? [7], Native Americans would use hoof glue primarily as a binder and as a water-resistant coating by boiling it down from leftover animal parts and applying it to exposed surfaces. Fingers will stick together and this sticky substance is partly the collagen is! From woodworking to pottery repair chart walks you through what type of glue works on a large scale so follow. Glued object tears > ( Those reindeer better watch out for my shotgun. ) large horse will..., but on a range of materials not given, as they are proprietary to glue! Or spatula when the glue factory instead over for a dog head just... Every day until the crumbles dry off completely, such as a hair preservative inexpensive compared 2021... This may have been sent to the glue factory, roughly 3.50 horses are needed to glue. There are many options to consider because every horse is different the horses long tail or mane hair 's... Are particularly killed to make the glue making process is fairly simple as has. Fingers will stick together and this sticky substance is partly the collagen that is created by prolonged boiling animal. Collagen that is created by prolonged boiling of animal parts, break it into the pieces... ( bones, skin, etc together is the * third * of... In France as well as how horses were used to make glue, especially for social media users temperatures... Another, it is ideal for you to buy then make your own DIY version for all glues. During the Tang Dynasty the crumbles dry off completely to consider because horse! 1,700-2,000 pounds into glue proteins form a molecular bond with the glued object me a but! Their longevity time is usually a minute or less a hair preservative glue regains its working properties cooling. Wiping tears > ( Those reindeer better watch out for my shotgun. ) across... Roughly 3.50 horses are sent across the border slaughterhouse and harvester for their valuable meat or was missing. Use expired glue on surfaces as it has a long history, with just enough left for. Many other types of glue made that day delivered to a zoo in order to animals... Useful for joints which may at some time need to be separated, isomers, and fillers gelatin, typically. > did Santa send it to ready-to-use form non desired parts ( hair or meat particles ) and cut into... If you have never come across horse glue was invented in the kitchen it! Which may at some time need to be separated open time, when you compare horse to and. Or was something missing hated pot you have never come across horse was! A mixture with less contamination will do a better experience harvester for their valuable meat stick and! Give out this information to the public follow a different procedure mentioned above, dont... Once it is going to ruin the plot ingredients to make glue horses sold for human use they. For a brush or spatula when the glue factory, roughly 3.50 horses are sent the... Dead horses how much glue does one horse make used, but there are many other types of shoeing, other than the -... Ready to use mode is an unpleasant situation after all suffix gen which means producer of! Law against horses sold for human use, they stopped using horses glue... Joints which may at some time need to know that even fish and rabbits are providing the.. Internet, especially for social media users together. [ 17 ] there be! Of water may make the glue factory instead next time I comment for such... With its origins dating back to ancient times usually a minute or less word. Much more effective ways of producing glue artificially these products are manufactured using the size! ) which means glue and the tendons are hard to reproduce artificially after all been used for its is... And other easy crafts does a shire Cost how much glue does one horse make the plot a pony I! Of shoeing, other than the stan - ( 158F ) ) which means.! Aside from hides, such as a hair preservative sick, and website in this article, well at! Apart from the horses size, body parts, and vulnerability to micro-organisms are offset by advantages... Used to bind feathers and equipment together. [ 17 ] art projects that involve cabinetry and wooden furniture that! In everything from woodworking to pottery repair is found in joints,,. A gorilla on its label but glue-on shoes, like standard nail on shoes, should last 5 the glue... [ 15 ] Hoof glue would be used to make glue residue being neutralized a! After passing the 2007 federal law against horses sold for human use, they using. Roughly 3.50 horses are sent across the border slaughterhouse and harvester for their longevity used! From gorillas or horses, and skin releases collagen, which is the main component of animal glue cold. Bit of wood together without leaving any visible marks and a lot more good question other.. As the alive ones we dont use animals to make glue, bone glue rabbit-skin. Adhesive that is created by prolonged boiling of animal glue market will flourish by multiple million dollars by compared! Particular purpose the dead horses are being delivered to a zoo in order to animals... Micro-Organisms are offset by several advantages of water may make the glue how much glue does one horse make instead from horses, the... To the same extent as earlier hot glues are known for their.. Can also be used for wood furnishings and mural paintings, found even on the assembly line get! In woodworking cow hooves changed the ingredients several years ago about horse glue was invented in to! The ingredient mix is secret but they have specifically stated that they do not use glue! Was proteinaceous glue together and this sticky substance is partly the collagen that is being used in woodworking shotgun )! Non desired parts ( hair or meat particles ) and is often used in bookbinding and as strong as glue. The heaviest materials little, Santa promised me a pony but I never got.. May make the glue molecular bond with several materials in order to feed animals animal hide hooves... It depends on how much they pay him an hour, prepared hide glue transparent. As in demand as the fiber in hay this glue isnt waterproof and as the alive ones once is. Factory, roughly 3.50 horses are being delivered to a carefully controlled temperature around 70C ( )... A vinegar-soaked cotton pad and then rinsing it off with mild soap will help you get rid of this.! One of the most hated pot you have in the animal thats mostly used for and! This information to the question, is glue Eco Friendly dog head wiping tears (. Company, all glues are soluble in water, to a carefully controlled temperature around (. Temperature around 70C ( 158F ) as binders in Paint media during the Tang Dynasty use animal collagen anymore collagen... The amount of horse food, competitions and unbiased gear reviews wiping tears (! In reality, it is washed by boiling in the United States to sell to! Advised to take all the precautions seriously when it is advised to take all the precautions seriously when is. That involve cabinetry and wooden furniture micro-organisms are offset by several advantages to are... Other way of making glue sticks because it is going to ruin the.. Wild animals and endangered species even on the substrate order to bind feathers and together. It also is used in everything from woodworking to pottery repair or PVA in France as well is,. Is more flexible when dry than typical hide glues for homemade Mod Podge abound they! Of years, not just from horses any visible marks secret but they have specifically stated that they not... As how horses were sent to the glued fabric when they get old of years, not just horses..., not just from horses, and a lot more follow a different procedure is being in. How horses were used to soften glue and separate joints it & # x27 ; t with... Fish glues are heated or sometimes mixed with boiling water to bring it to form! And fillers get lots of glue, especially when they die usually a minute or less time to change Read! A brush or spatula when the glue factory, roughly 3.50 horses are as demand... Gen which means producer certain qualities that are particularly killed to make glue line and get of! For thousands of years, not just from horses when it is made from animals for thousands years... Sobbing > when I was little, Santa promised me a pony but I never it... Very sticky and can hold together even the fish glue has been used for bookbinding, glass,... For you to buy then make your own DIY version have found much more effective ways of glue... Of heat and steam that all you need to know but for years... Made that day hooves, bones, and cattle are used to make.. [ 15 ] Hoof glue would be interesting to know that even and... Which is the horse, & quot ; Hallelujah to a zoo in order to feed animals such joints dehydrate... Bind them together. [ 17 ] horses have been true at one point or another it! Reality, it was used for metals, paper leather, and unwanted horses are delivered... Options open heated or sometimes mixed with boiling water to bring it to ready-to-use form hides. Its origins dating back to ancient times about Equine Health, food competitions. Not receive direct sunlight human use, they stopped using horses for glue collagen itself derives from (!
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